ABSTRACT
The worldwide confinement due to Covid19 has boosted the development of creative learning activities in academia, including role-playing games and multidisciplinary workshops brought to students’ homes. Tecnologico de Monterrey, like most universities in the world, is delivering classes remotely using internally developed and external platforms designed to continue the practices that were done every day in laboratories, facilities, and partner companies and institutions. One of the biggest challenges of distance education is creating fun and practical learning. Integrating innovative technologies into the learning process is necessary to achieve this challenge. One of these technologies is Augmented Reality (AR), which allows virtual objects to be superimposed in the real world to “coexist” with the objects in real-world surroundings. In this research, we generated an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) simulator based on the educational platform “Tec21 Car Assembler”. Using Virtual Reality (VR), the students applied the virtual classroom’s theoretical learning to practice, guided by an academician collaborating with training partners from companies and institutions partnering with Tecnologico de Monterrey to transfer knowledge to students. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Background and importanceA reference panel of antimicrobial consumption indicators was published in 2019 by a committee from the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH) and the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC).Aim and objectivesTo calculate 2020 hospital antimicrobial consumption indicators and carry out a comparative analysis of these consumption indicators with those observed in the previous 2 years.Material and methodsBased on the panel, 10 antimicrobial consumption indicators were selected. The unit of measurement for the consumption was the number of defined daily doses per 100 stays (DDD/100e).ResultsAntibacterials overall consumption (OC) 1.5% (86.5 to 85.2) decrease in 2019;and 4.7% increase in 2020 compared to 2019 (89.2).Antifungals OC 3% decrease in 2019 (7.05 to 6.84);26% increase in 2020 compared to 2019 (8.65).Carbapenems: in 2019, consumption decreased by 4.2% (10.17 to 9.74);in 2020 it increased by 2% compared to 2019 (9.94).Fluoroquinolones: maintained overall 37.4% decrease (13.01 in 2018, 10.83 in 2019 and 8.14 in 2020).Fosfomycin: maintained overall increase of 27.6% (0.49 in 2018, 0.65 in 2019 and 0.62 in 2020).Aminoglycosides: maintained overall decrease of 40.7% (3.27 in 2018, 2.32 in 2019 and 1.94 in 2020).Colistin: 12.8% decrease in 2019 (1.09 to 0.95), and an 8.4% increase in 2020 compared to 2019 (1.03).Anti-pseudomonal cephalosporins: maintained overall increase of 19% (2.11 in 2018, 2.47 in 2019 and 2.51 in 2020).Amoxicillin-clavulanate/piperacillin-tazobactam ratio: maintained decrease of 47% compared to 2018 (4.34 in 2018, 3.54 in 2019 and 2.26 in 2020).Fluconazole/equinocandins ratio: 24% rise in 2019 (4.14 to 5.45);in 2020 it decreased by 16% (4.57).Conclusion and relevanceDuring 2020, a change in trend has been perceived in a series of antimicrobial consumption indicators, with higher antibacterials and antifungals OC, carbapenems and colistin consumption, and a decreased fluconazole/equinocandins ratio. This change in trend could be related to the increase of multiresistant bacterial and fungal infections associated with COVID-19.The downward trend in the consumption of fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides and the upward trend in anti-pseudomonal cephalosporins and fosfomycin was maintained. Interventions carried out through the antimicrobial stewardship programme aimed at optimising and/or de-escalating empirical antimicrobial treatment may be behind this trend.The amoxicillin-clavulanate/piperacillin-tazobactam ratio may have been influenced by frequent piperacillin-tazobactam stock-outs in the years studied.References and/or acknowledgements1. Gutiérrez-Urbón JM.Indicadores del uso hospitalario de antimicrobianos basados en el consumo. Farm Hosp 2019;43(3):94–100.Conflict of interestNo conflict of interest